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Profile image for Paul Hoffman

Paul Hoffman

United States of America

Distinguished Technologist

Staff
Profile image for Lauren Israel

Lauren Israel

United States of America

Operations Associate Manager

Staff
Profile image for Moises Cirilo

Moises Cirilo

United States of America

Sr. Lead Infrastructure Engineer

Staff
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Brian Aitchison

United States of America

Research Manager

Staff
Profile image for Kimberly Carlson

Kimberly Carlson

United States of America

Event Strategy Senior Specialist

Staff
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Seda Akbulut

Türkiye, Republic of

Universal Acceptance (UA) Program Manager

Staff
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Luna Madi

Türkiye, Republic of

Sr. Director, EMEA Communications

Staff
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Gulten Tepe Oksuzoglu

Türkiye, Republic of

Policy Operations Specialist (GAC)

Staff
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Tammy Yeow

Singapore

Manager, Global Support

Staff
Profile image for Jeanette Caldera

Jeanette Caldera

United States of America

Director, Learning & Development and HR Operations

Staff
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Fabien Betremieux

United States of America

Policy Development Support Director (GAC)

Staff
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Stephanie Moench

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Global Support

Staff
Profile image for Terri Agnew

Terri Agnew

United States of America

Policy Operations Senior Specialist (GNSO)

CommunityStaff
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Mike Brennan

United States of America

Senior Program Manager

Staff
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Samiran Gupta

India

VP, Government and IGO Engagement, APAC and Stakeholder Engagement, South Asia

Staff
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Laena Rahim

Singapore

Associate General Counsel, APAC

Staff
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Cyrus Jamnejad

United States of America

GDD Accounts Manager

Staff
Profile image for Adam Peake

Adam Peake

Netherlands

Civil Society Engagement Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Rodrigo Saucedo Linares

Rodrigo Saucedo Linares

Plurinational State of Bolivia

Stakeholder Engagement Director, Andean Region and LAC Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Kathy Schnitt

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (SSAC)

Staff
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Pablo Alvarez

United States of America

Infrastructure Architect

Staff
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Julio Polito

Uruguay

Senior Graphic Designer

Staff
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Peg Rettino

United States of America

Project Specialist & Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Becky Nash

Becky Nash

United States of America

VP, Planning

Staff
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Shawn Seah

Singapore

Global Support Analyst III

Staff
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Edman Perez

United States of America

IT Business Analytics and Intranet Services Sr. Manager

Staff
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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP, Technical Engagement

Staff
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Eduardo Alvarez

United States of America

Director, Technical Services Operations

Staff
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Alain Durand

France

Distinguished Technologist

Staff
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Butch Pfremmer

United States of America

Sr. Localization Program Manager

Staff
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Hina Sattar

United States of America

Global Support Associate Manager

Staff
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Charmayne Adams

United States of America

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Samuel Suh

United States of America

VP, Strategic Projects & Back Office Systems

Staff
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Jared Erwin

United States of America

Director, New gTLD Program

Staff
Profile image for Valerie Heng

Valerie Heng

Singapore

GDD Accounts Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Neeraj Sood

Neeraj Sood

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

Staff
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Kirsten Crownhart

United States of America

Financial Planning & Analysis, Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Jennifer Bryce

Jennifer Bryce

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Project Manager II

Staff
Profile image for Juan Robles

Juan Robles

United States of America

Senior Manager, Salesforce Solutions

Staff
Profile image for Jeanne Gregg

Jeanne Gregg

United States of America

Sr. Director, Service Delivery, Support & Vendor Management

Staff
Profile image for Brenda Brewer

Brenda Brewer

United States of America

Policy Operations Coordinator

Staff
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Aisha Herrell

United States of America

Applicant Counseling Associate Manager

Staff
Profile image for Mukesh Chulani

Mukesh Chulani

Türkiye, Republic of

GDD Programs Director

Staff
Profile image for Aline Menezes

Aline Menezes

United States of America

Sr. Lead Infrastructure Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Betsy Andrews

Betsy Andrews, Ph.D.

United States of America

Online Learning Sr. Program Manager

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."