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Staff
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Brian Villaroman

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Amenah Alhakeem

Amenah Alhakeem

Türkiye, Republic of

Senior Communications Coordinator, EMEA

Staff
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David Tobias

United States of America

Assistant Manager, Communications

Staff
Profile image for Jim Cook

Jim Cook

United States of America

Technical Lead, Software Engineering

Staff
Profile image for Giose McGinty

Giose McGinty

United States of America

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Specialist, North America, and Latin America & Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Eduardo Corzo

Eduardo Corzo

United States of America

Sr. Infrastructure Engineer 1

Staff
Profile image for Gökhan Pamukçu

Gökhan Pamukçu

Türkiye, Republic of

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Thomas Jones

United States of America

Senior Information Security Engineer 2

Staff
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Janelle McAlister

United States of America

Strategic Initiatives Senior Program Manager

Staff
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Melody Au

Singapore

Stakeholder Engagement Regional Specialist, APAC

Staff
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Yvette Dacuycuy

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for DeAnn Ford

DeAnn Ford

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
Profile image for Gema Gonzalez

Gema Gonzalez

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
Profile image for Leon Grundmann

Leon Grundmann

Belgium

Policy Research Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Aliza Martinez

Aliza Martinez

United States of America

Regional Office Administrator

Staff
Profile image for Ely Bouganim

Ely Bouganim

United States of America

Sr Product Manager 1

Staff
Profile image for Ted Bergeron

Ted Bergeron

United States of America

Sr. Staff Software Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Wesley Lin

Wesley Lin

United States of America

Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Peter Eakin

Peter Eakin

Belgium

Policy Research Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Jessica Villaseñor

Jessica Villaseñor

United States of America

Sr. Manager, GDS Research Services

Staff
Profile image for Elisa Busetto

Elisa Busetto

Belgium

Policy Research Manager - Next Round

Staff
Profile image for Andy Newton

Andy Newton

United States of America

GDS Technical Services Principal Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Kathryn Perry

Kathryn Perry

United States of America

Security Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Jenn Shin

Jenn Shin

United States of America

Project Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Joanna Toh

Joanna Toh

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Arnt Gulbrandsen

Arnt Gulbrandsen

Germany

UA Technology Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Cristina de la Pena

Cristina de la Pena

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
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Athena Foo

Singapore

Stakeholder Engagement Manager- APAC

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Gluck

Daniel Gluck

United States of America

Policy Development Support Analyst

Staff
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Désirée Van Dyk

Belgium

Executive Assistant

Staff
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Elif Mantarcı

Türkiye, Republic of

Language Service Project Specialist

Staff
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Mustafa Alrifaee

Sweden

GDS Technical Services Senior Operations Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Iwan de Fluiter

Iwan de Fluiter

Türkiye, Republic of

Regional Security Director - Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Staff
Profile image for Rafiq Batcha

Rafiq Batcha

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
Profile image for Danniel To

Danniel To

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
Profile image for Darrel Lewis

Darrel Lewis

United States of America

Infrastructure Architect, Networks and DNS

Staff
Profile image for Candice Montoya

Candice Montoya

United States of America

IANA Services Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Daniela Chomikova

Daniela Chomikova

Belgium

Implementation Operations Assistant Manager

Staff
Profile image for Marli McElroy

Marli McElroy

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
Profile image for Alfonso Wongvalle

Alfonso Wongvalle

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
Profile image for Kelly Medina

Kelly Medina

United States of America

Planning Support Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Corey Matthews

Corey Matthews

United States of America

Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Holly Martinez

Holly Martinez

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Gary Turchan

Gary Turchan

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
Profile image for Raj Sripada

Raj Sripada

United States of America

Director, IT-Internal Applications

Staff
Profile image for Kristy Buckley

Kristy Buckley

Canada

Outreach & Digital Inclusion Director

Staff
Profile image for Sherry Asaad

Sherry Asaad

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Boris Perelshteyn

Boris Perelshteyn

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."