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Ivan Chang

United States of America

Paralegal Services Senior Manager

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Sheila Johnson

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

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HuiYing Lim

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

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Mona Greenwood

United States of America

Executive Assistant

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Steven Kim

United States of America

OCTO Operations Director

Staff
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Siôn Lloyd

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Principal Security, Stability & Resiliency Specialist

Staff
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Bridget Bilyk

United States of America

Accounting Manager

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Benjamin Farine

Belgium

Senior Lead Infrastructure Engineer - DNS

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Carlos Hernandez Ganan

Netherlands

Principal Security, Stability & Resiliency Specialist

Staff
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Franco Larios Carrasco

Germany

Board Operations Manager

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Nicolas Antoniello

Uruguay

Regional Technical Engagement Sr. Manager

Staff
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Mikhail Anisimov

Kazakhstan

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Manager - Eastern Europe & Central Asia

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Shane Emery

United States of America

Sr. Software Engineer 1

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Terry Blaser

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

Staff
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Claudia Ruiz

United States of America

Policy Operations Coordinator

Staff
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Yazid Akanho

Benin

Technical Engagement Manager, MEA Region

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Eli Khan

United States of America

Document Control Specialist

Staff
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James Mitchell

United States of America

Director, IANA Technical Services

Staff
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Alexey Trepykhalin

United States of America

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Staff
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Sara Sarraf

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
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Jane Stark

United States of America

Global Sr. HR Business Partner

Staff
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Becky McGilley

United States of America

Government and IGO Engagement Director

Staff
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Raveena Alam

United States of America

Senior Procurement Analyst

Staff
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Adam Szatyina

United States of America

Procurement Manager

Staff
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Catherine Maleki

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
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Sarah Zagha

United States of America

Counsel

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Mariana Solano

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
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Margaret Benavides

United States of America

Planning Manager

Staff
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Marika Konings

Belgium

VP, New gTLD Program Lead

Staff
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Amanda Weddle

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
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Michael Knigge

United States of America

Writer

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Samantha Mancia

United States of America

Project Manager I

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Jill Ladwig

United States of America

Writer

Staff
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Lauren Hejazi

United States of America

Project Manager

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Breda Lund

United States of America

Editorial Supervisor

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Giovanni Seppia

Italy

Vice President - Implementation Operations

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Andre Abed

United States of America

VP, Relationship & Delivery Management and Interim Head of Engineering and IT

Staff
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Eric Palmer

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
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JeNelle Haugen

United States of America

Quality Analyst Trainer

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David Prangnell

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer - Platforms

Staff
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Patrick Tse

Singapore

Regional Security Sr. Manager, APAC

Staff
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Shannon Poon

United States of America

HRIS Senior Manager

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Berry Cobb

United States of America

Senior Program Manager, Policy Development Support

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Odeline MacDonald

Belgium

Associate General Counsel, European Data Protection

Staff
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Andrea Glandon

United States of America

Policy Operations Senior Coordinator

Staff
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Alperen Eken

Netherlands

Policy Development Support Sr. Specialist

Staff
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Maritza Alarcon

United States of America

Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Ramcharan

Daniel Ramcharan

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."